اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ بِجَمِیعِ مَحَامِدِه کُلِّهَا عَلَی جَمِیعِ نِعَمِهِ کُلِّهَا… اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ مالِکِ الْمُلْکِ مُجْرِی الْفُلْکِ مُسَخِّرِ الرِّیاحِ فالِقِ الاْصْباحِ دَیّانِ الدّینِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمینَ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ عَلی حِلْمِهِ بَعْدَ عِلمِهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ عَلی عَفْوِهِ بَعْدَ قُدْرَتِهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلّهِ عَلی طُولِ اَناتِهِ فی غَضَبِهِ وَهُوَ قادِرٌ عَلی ما یُریدُ
Praise is to God with all his praises, for all his blessings. . . Praise is to God, the owner of the property, the operator of the orbit, the bender of the wind, the glory of the morning, the religion of the beliefs, lord of the worlds; praise is to God for his dream after his knowledge and thank God for forgiveness after his power, and praise be to God for his long patience in his wrath and he is capable to do what he wills
و نشهد أن لا اله الا الله وحده لا شریک له، و أَنَّ محمداً عبده و رسوله ارسله بالهدی و دین الحق لیظهره علی الدین کله و لو کره المشرکون اوصیکم عبادالله و نفسی بتقوی الله و اتباع امره و نهیه، و اخوفکم من عقابه
And we bear witness that there is no god but God alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is his servant and messenger, he sent him with guidance and the religion of truth, that he might proclaim it over all religion, even if the polytheists hated it.
God teaches Adam
After the divine angels asked God about the forgery of the caliph and expressed their competence for the position of the divine caliph by stating that they only glorify and sanctify God, God said, “I know what you do not know.”
The holy Quran, in telling the story of the creation of Adam, the father of human being, adds:
وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَؤُلَاءِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ؛ قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ؛ قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ فَلَمَّا أَنْبَأَهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ
And He taught Adam the Names, all of them; then presented them to the angels and said, ‘Tell me the names of these, if you are truthful.’ They said, ‘Immaculate are You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed You are the All-knowing, the All-wise.’ He said, ‘O Adam, inform them of their names,’ and when he had informed them of their names, He said, ‘Did I not tell you that I know the Unseen of the heavens and the earth, and that I know whatever you disclose and whatever you conceal?’ (Baghare: 31 – 33)
There are some notable points in these holy verses:
1. The power of man to learn science
In this scene, Adam’s superiority over the angels is due to the teachings man receives from God, and it was possible that angels offer God that “if you had taught us, we would have been wise, too.” As it is stated in the report of the holy Qur’an that the angels said to God: “لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا” “There is no knowledge for us except our knowledge”. So was the competition of human with angels fair?
In response, it should be said that receiving knowledge means the growth and development of one’s existence, which comes out of ignorance and is adorned with science. And angels lack this power over evolution. Evolution and growth has no meaning for the angels, because the words of the divine angels are:”وَمَا مِنَّا إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ مَعْلُومٌ” “There is none among us but has a known place” (Safat: 164). While man has the power of growth and development and is ready to become a scholar, so God in also says to man: “اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ؛ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ؛ عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ” “Read, and your Lord is the most generous, who taught by the pen, taught man what he did not know.” (Alagh: 3 -5)
God then tells Adam to inform the angels, not to teach them, because angels do not have the opportunity to evolve and become scholars. The Qur’an says: “قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُمْ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ” “O Adam, inform them of their names,”
2. The etiquette of angels while speaking to God
In this verse, the angels, in the position of speaking to God, begin their speech with the glorification of God and end with sanctification. They express their words between this glorification and that sanctification and say: “سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ” “Immaculate are You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed You are the All-knowing, the All-wise.” We also see this etiquette of speaking to God in the words of the prophets:
وَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَى لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ … قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛
When Moses arrived at Our tryst and his Lord spoke to him, …, he said, ‘Immaculate are You! I turn to You in penitence, and I am the first of the faithful.’ (Araf: 143)
وَإِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ … إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ؛
And when Allah will say, ‘O Jesus son of Mary! Was it you who said to the people, ‘‘Take me and my mother for gods besides Allah’’?’ He will say, ‘Immaculate are You! … . Indeed, You are knower of all that is Unseen. (Ma’ede: 116)
وَذَا النُّونِ إِذْ ذَهَبَ مُغَاضِبًا فَظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ نَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ فَنَادَى فِي الظُّلُمَاتِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ؛
And [remember] the Man of the Fish, when he left in a rage, thinking that We would not put him to hardship. Then he cried out in the darkness, ‘There is no god except You! You are immaculate! I have indeed been among the wrongdoers!’ (Anbiya: 87)
3. Hiding history of the devil
At the end of the verses under discussion, the interpretation that exists in the word of God is very significant. According to the holy Qur’an, God says to the angels: ” “أَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُون”I know whatever you disclose and whatever you conceal”
In this verse, God does not say: “what you are hiding now” but He says: “what you were constantly hiding before”. This interpretation shows that the angels hid something a long time ago, and God declares that he knows it.
Considering that angels do not have the power to oppose God’s commands: ” لَا يَعْصُونَ اللَّهَ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ” ” who do not disobey whatever Allah commands them and carry out what they are commanded” (Tahrim: 6). It turns out that the meaning of this interpretation in the verse is the evil, who according to the holy Qur’an was of the jinn, and he disobeyed the command of his Lord, satan was one of the jinn who became an angel because of his great worship. ” كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ” “He was one of the jinn, so he transgressed against his Lord’s command” (Kahf: 50)