بسم الله
الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله
ربّ العالمين و الحمد لله الذی لا مُضادّ له في مُلكه و لا مُنازِعَ لَهُ في أمره.
الحمدالله الذی لا شريك لَهُ في خلقه ولا شبيه لَهُ في عَظَمَتِه جزء من دعاء
الإفتتاح وصلّی الله علی سيدّنا ونبيّنا محمّد صلّی الله عليه وعلی آله الطاهرين
واصحابه المنتجبين.
عبادالله
! أُوصيكم و نفسي بتقوی الله و اتّباع امره و نهیه
We said that “sermon of the righteous ” is a speech from Amir
al-Mu minin in Nahj al-Balaghah, which refers to the attributes of the people
of righteous, and is expressed in response to the request of Hamam bin Sharīh,
who was a follower of imam Ali. In this sermon, Amir al-Mu minin expresses the
virtues of people of piety. We explained the first and second virtues that were
“right and proper talking” and “moderation ” in the past
weeks.
Third virtue:
humility and modesty
مَشْیُهُم التَّوَاضُعِ
Their
way of dealing with other people is humble and meek.
Humility is a
moral virtue that has been emphasized in the Qur an and hadith and ethical and
mystical texts, and of course there are positive and negative directions of
this virtue that require careful attention. Imam Sadiq as says:
كَمَالُ الْعَقْلِ فِی ثَلَاثَةٍ: التَّوَاضُعِ
لِلَّهِ وَ حُسْنِ الْیَقِینِ وَ الصَّمْتِ إِلَّا مِنْ خَیْرٍ
The perfection of
the wisdom is in three things: humble against god, believe in good, silence
except in cases of good.
The meaning of the word “gait” and “modesty”
The word “gait”
means walking, amble, slow walking, and it refers to the way ahead, the
trajectory, and the personal method in life.
The meaning of
the word humility in all moral systems is almost the same and does not require
a specific definition, although there are various definitions of it in Islamic
sources and authority’s. Humility in the word means self-disdain, and it refers
to humility. Farahidi
Some linguists
have found some subtle distinctions between these words, for example, they
refer to “humility” aside of ability and they refer to “disdain”
as a sign of one s inability to another person, as human humility is not a
disability against their servants. Nahas, vol. 4, p. 442 .
Humility in the Quran
In the Holy
Quran, the word humility has not been used, but there are other vocabulary and
interpretations that make up almost the same meaning, although the words of the
word differentiate between these terms. And For example, they have said that
“humility” is based on the validity of internal and external behavior and “modesty”
khoshou is the validity of the sprint; or “humility” is related to
language and deeds, and “modesty” khoshou is in heart and soul
Nahashi, vol. 4, p. 442 .
Mamdouh Praised Humility
1. Humility against
god
In some cases, in
the Holy Qur an, there is a talk of humility against God, which is the kind of
modesty of Mamdouh praised :
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ؛ الَّذِينَ هُمْ
فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ مؤمنون:1-2
Successful
are the believers. Those who are humble in their prayers.
إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ غَفُورٌ ﴿فاطر:۲۸﴾
From among His servants, the learned fear God. God is
Almighty, Oft-Forgiving.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا
الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَخْبَتُوا إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ
فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ ﴿هود:23﴾
As for those who believe and do good deeds, and humble
themselves before their Lord—these are the inhabitants of Paradise, where they
will abide forever.
2.
Humility
against Muslims
The humility of the Prophet against other
muslims is emphasized in two verses of the Holy Qur an, and in one verse the
issue of humility of the beloved people of God is to other believers is as well
mentioned. These verses show the human relations between the rulers of the
community with the citizens, and the citizens of a community with themselves. In
the community recommended by the Holy Quran, there will be a spirit of modesty
and humility in all aspects of the community:
وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ
﴿شعراء:215﴾
And lower your wing to those of the
believers who follow you.
لَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى مَا مَتَّعْنَا بِهِ
أَزْوَاجًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
﴿حجر:۸۸﴾
Do not extend your eyes towards
what we have bestowed on some couples of them to enjoy, and do not grieve over
them, and lower your wing to the believers.
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَنْ يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي اللَّهُ
بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ
عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ يُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ لَوْمَةَ
لَائِمٍ ﴿مائده:54﴾
O you who believe! Whoever of you
goes back on his religion—God will bring a people whom He loves and who love
Him, kind towards the believers, stern with the disbelievers. They strive in
the way of God, and do not fear the blame of the critic.
وَعِبَادُ
الرَّحْمَنِ الَّذِينَ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ هَوْنًا وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ
الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا ﴿فرقان:۶۳﴾
The servants of the Merciful are
those who walk the earth in humility, and when the ignorant address them, they
say, “Peace.”
In this verse of the holly
Quran, the social way and the way of dealing and connecting the believers of
God with other citizens of the community is based on humility and modesty, not
arrogance, and all the commentators of the Quran have understood it in the same
way and no one of them explains “ مشی “ In
this verse to walking, it does not mean walking on the earth, but it is a mean
of social relations.
3.
Humility against parents
Among the commands that the Quran gives to
believers is humility against their parents:
وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ
وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا ﴿اسراء:۲۴﴾
And lower to them the wing of
humility, out of mercy, and say, “My Lord, have mercy on them, as they raised
me when I was a child.”
The concept of humility towards parents in
this verse refers to the need for the best of humiliation of humankind against
parents. We see that humility towards believers is mentioned only in the verses
with the “lower your wing “, but in the case of the parent, the
interpretation of ” And lower to them the wing of humility “is
used as the summit of humility against them.
The humility of “Mamdouh” is a
great achievement in the world and the Hereafter. The expression of
«مَنْ تَوَاضَعَ لِلّهِ رَفَعَهُ اللّهُ
Whosoever humbles for Allah, Allah honors him
From The Prophet of God has repeatedly been
replicated in various sources. Sahih
Muslim, p. 8, p. 21; Sunan al-Tarmadi, p. 3, p. 254
Indecent
humility
It should be noted that humility that is
accepted by Islam is different from abasement. The main motto of Abba d Allah, “Hayat Mana al-Dullah” is a basic
principle for all believers who are not allowed to lose their human dignity.
Therefore, when modesty and modesty will be tempered, it will be discredited.
We observe that in the traditions of the Prophet and the Imams, humility is
forbidden against some people, including:
1.
Humility against the arrogant
Prophet of Allah says:
إذا رأيتم المتواضعين من أمتي فتواضعوا لهم و إذا رأيتم المتكبرين فتكبروا
عليهم
Be humble against the humble people of the
Ummah, and you must be proud of yourself against the arrogant people.
2.
Modesty against the rich and powerful
Amir al-Mu minin, about the humility of the
poor people against the people of power and wealth, says that:
طوُبَی لِمَنْ… تَوَاضَعَ مِنْ غَیْرِ مَنْقَصَةٍ
Gods bless be upon a person who humbled
without accepting defects.
مَنْ أَتَى غَنِيّاً فَتَوَاضَعَ لَهُ لِغِنَاهُ ذَهَبَ ثُلُثَا دِينِهِ
Everyone who goes to a wealthy person and
humble to him for his wealth, losing two-thirds of his religion.
On the other hand, he said about the humility
of the rich against the poor:
مَا
أَحْسَنَ تَوَاضَعَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ طَلَباً لِمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ
How good it is for the rich to humble
themselves against the poor, to be closer to god.